\chapter{International Activities}
\label{international}

In Europe there exists an accelerator study group mandated by CERN and a 
physics
study group  mandated by the European committee for Future Accelerators
(ECFA)~\cite{int:1}. 
These activities are co-ordinated by European Muon Steering Committee (MUG) 
whose membership~\cite{int:2} is: 
Alain Blondel (chair), Friedrich Dydak, John Ellis, Enrique Fernandez,
Helmut Haseroth, Vittorio Palladino, Ken Peach, Michel Spiro, Paolo Strolin.

\bigskip

The primary center of work is at CERN. The work of the accelerator
group was described at NuFact01 by R. Garoby~\cite{int:3}. The general
approach to a Neutrino Factory, the design of which is co-authored by
more than 90 physicists, is based upon a 2.2~GeV proton
linac~\cite{int:4}.  They have a good number of R\&D activities. These
include a large theoretical / modeling group, work on detectors
(including many universities in Europe), involvement in the scattering
experiment (MUSCAT) at Triumf (involving CLRC, Birmingham, and
Imperial College and CERN), and participation in target work at Brookhaven,
engaging in target work at CERN, RAL and Grenoble, work on low
frequency RF cavities, a major production experiment at the PS (HARP),
and involvement in the International Muon Cooling Experimental Demonstration.




\bigskip

Activities in Japan were described by S. Machida at NuFact01~\cite{int:3}.
Their general approach is a series of FFAG accelerators. No manipulation of 
longitudinal phase space and no cooling of transverse phase space is needed in 
their approach. Their R\&D program is not very extensive, but they are 
cooperating with the US on the absorber R\&D and on MUSCAT. Most 
importantly, one notes that the Japanese are in the process of constructing 
a 1 MW driver, so soon they will have a superbeam. A factory seems likely 
to follow.




\bigskip

Information is exchanged very effectively. Besides constant communication by 
means of the Web and e-mail there is a series of Neutrino Factory Workshops 
(NuFact99 -- Lyon, NuFact00 -- Monterey, NuFact01 -- Tsukuba, and NuFact02 
-- London)




\bigskip

The International Muon Cooling Experimental Demonstration effort is still at 
a very early stage. Nevertheless, there is agreement upon a process and 
procedure that will, hopefully, result in experimental activity. Appended is 
the first draft document, which outlines the proposed activities over the 
next year. Following that, groups will seek support from funding sources 
throughout the world, after which a document specifying just what each 
source will supply will need to be drawn up. By that time one should have a 
good idea of schedules, costs and expected deliverables.




\bigskip

There is the beginning of international laboratory interest. This was 
precipitated by a letter from Maiani (i.e., an initiative that started 
abroad). There have been subsequent exchanges of letters, but no agreed upon 
document has yet appeared (at present the Europeans are suggesting a 
commitment to significant support of R\&D, and the Americans are 
demurring). 


\section{Towards an International Muon Cooling Experimental Demonstration}





\bigskip

\begin{center}
Alain Blondel, Rob Edgecock, Steve Geer, Helmut Haseroth, Yoshi Kuno, 
\end{center}

\begin{center}
Dan Kaplan, Michael Zisman 

\end{center}




\bigskip

\begin{center}
June 15, 2001
\end{center}




\bigskip

\subsection{Motivation}




\bigskip
Ionisation cooling of minimum ionising muons is an important ingredient in
the performance of a neutrino factory. However, it has not been demonstrated
experimentally. We seek to achieve an experimental demonstration of cooling
in a muon beam. In order to achieve this goal, we propose to continue to
explore, for the next six months or so, at least two versions of an
experiment based on existing cooling channel designs. If such an experiment
is feasible, we shall then select, on the basis of effectiveness,
simplicity, availability of components and overall cost, a design for the
proposed experiment. 





\bigskip
On the basis of this conceptual design, we will then develop detailed
engineering drawings, schedule and a cost estimate. The costs and
responsibilities will be broken out by function (e.g. magnets, RF,
absorbers, diagnostics etc) and also by laboratory and region. A technical
proposal will be developed by Spring 2002, and will be used as the basis for
detailed discussions with laboratory directors and funding agencies.





\bigskip

The aim of the proposed cooling experimental demonstration is
\begin{itemize} 
\item	to show that we can design, engineer and build a section of cooling
channel capable of giving the desired performance for a neutrino factory;
\item	to place it in a beam and measure its performance, i.e.
experimentally validate our ability to simulate precisely the passage of
muons confined within a periodic lattice as they pass through liquid
hydrogen absorbers and RF cavities.
\end{itemize}
The experience gained from this experimental demonstration will provide
input to the final design of a real cooling channel.




\bigskip

The signatories to this document volunteer to organise this international
effort. It is expected that the membership of this group, referred to in
this document as the Muon Cooling Demonstration Experiment Steering
Committee (MCDESC) will evolve with time. It is proposed that the Chair of
this group should be Alain Blondel for the first year.



\bigskip

\subsection{Organisation}




\bigskip
\begin{itemize}
\item The overall organisation and coordination of the activity shall be the 
responsibility of the MCDESC.






\item The MCDESC shall assemble members of a technical team to develop the 
proposal. The members of this technical team should represent at least two 
geographical regions in each of the following aspects
\end{itemize}

\begin{enumerate}
\item Concept Development and Simulation
\item Absorbers
\item RF Cavities and Power Supplies
\item Magnets
\item Diagnostics
\item Beamlines
\end{enumerate}


\begin{itemize}

\bigskip

\item It is expected that the MCDESC will work mainly by telephone
conference and e-mail, but should meet, typically, twice each year,
preferably in association with other scheduled meetings. These meetings
should rotate around the regions. The technical team should organise its
activities as appropriate.

\end{itemize}




\bigskip

\subsection{Schedule}

The goal is to carry out a first experiment in 2004, in the expectation that
this could develop into more sophisticated tests, including possibly the
demonstration of longitudinal cooling. In order to achieve this ambitious
schedule, it will be necessary to make proposals to laboratory directors and
funding agencies in 2002.


\bigskip






{\it Therefore},
\begin{enumerate}
\item 	A short document (of order ten pages) making key technology choices
(including the choice of version of the experiment and location) should be
presented by Dec 15th 2001.



\item 	This conceptual design should be developed into a full technical
proposal by June 2002. This technical proposal would need engineering
drawings, schedules and costs, and distribution of responsibilities. This
would include the cost breakdown by component (RF, magnet, absorber,
diagnostics, beam) and by country and/or laboratory.
\end{enumerate}


\bigskip

It is the responsibility of the technical team to provide the technical
evaluations of the alternative approaches, in order for the MCDESC to be
able to make the required technology choices in the Fall of 2001.



