%Conventional Facilities for the Neutrino Factory 
%
%Prepared by:   J. Mills, M. Sullivan
%Plant Engineering Division
%Brookhaven National Laboratory
%April 30, 2001
\section{Introduction}

The conventional systems for the proposed Neutrino Factory include all necessary 
infrastructure required to support the operation of the facility.  This includes, but is not 
limited to, the following: site improvements, below-grade enclosures, support buildings,  
target hall, access shafts, utilities, and conventional cooling systems.  

\section{Structures}
\subsection{Transport Tunnel and Egress Spurs}
Approximately 9500 linear feet of arch-plate tunnel will be installed in order to 
accommodate the accelerator.  This will be made of galvanized corrugated steel 
with a reinforced concrete floor.  The tunnel will vary in diameter from 16 to 26 
feet.  The steel structure can not be used in those areas where, the  magnetic field is not contained  and/or where high radiation is anticipated, in that case, the structure will be made of reinforced concrete.   The 
facility requires approximately 650 linear feet of concrete tunnel.  Emergency 
egress will be placed along the tunnel according to Life Safety requirements.  
Access spurs for component installation and maintenance shall be provided. 
Emergency ventilation for the tunnel will be provided, along with humidity 
control and heating. 

\subsection{Support Buildings} 
Four pre-engineered metal frame structures shall be built to accommodate the 
cryogenic plants necessary for the facility.  Two of these are 19,000 S.F. each, 
while the other two measure 10,000 S.F.  Each shall have roll-up access doors for 
equipment installation, personnel egress doors, HVAC, and lighting.  

There will be six power supply/support buildings designed and constructed, in 
order to house power supplies, vacuum equipment, and instrumentation/controls.  
Five of these building will provide a service area of approximately 20,000 square 
feet each.  The sixth building shall be half this size.  Each structure 
shall have roll-up access doors for equipment installation, personnel egress doors, 
HVAC, and lighting.

Klystron buildings running parallel to the tunnel shall be provided.  The total 
area required is approximately 70,000 square feet.  As with the other support 
structures, each klystron building will have roll-up access doors for equipment 
installation, personnel egress doors, HVAC, and lighting.

\section{Soils, Earthwork, and Shielding} 
Brookhaven National Laboratory sits on an area located within the Atlantic 
Coastal Plan.  The basic Biotite Gneiss bedrock formation underlying the area is 
encountered at depths on the order of 1500 feet below mean sea level.  The site is 
located near the center of Suffolk County, on a glacial out-wash plain.  The 
overburden soil consists of sand and gravel deposits that extend to the bedrock 
surface.   A few clay layers may exist, the Gardiners clay layer at a depth of 200 
feet being the highest elevation.   Soil borings indicate a medium-compact to 
compact granular soil quite suitable for building in the area of the proposed 
Neutrino Factory.  Existing cut-and-cover technology will be used to 
install the facility tunnel.

It is anticipated that earthen berms will be utilized over the facility for radiation 
protection.  Approximately 20,000 cubic yards of soil will be excavated in order 
to install the tunnel as outlined above.   An additional $1.4\times 10^6$ cubic yards of fill 
will be installed to provide a minimum of 20~feet of soil cover over the tunnel area 
for radiation protection.  A portion of this additional fill is required to elevate the 
muon storage ring.   Shielding in the target area shall be supplemented with 
15,000 tons of steel plate and 300 cubic yards of poured concrete. 

\section{Conventional Power}
The estimated essential electrical load for the facility is 150 MW of conventional 
power.   This will require a new 138 kV overhead line from the offsite 
commercial grid.  A further study as to whether this power is available from 
offsite sources is presently being carried out.  For this estimate it is assumed that 
this power will become available from outside commercial power providers.   The 
facility will also require three substations that will transform the 138 kV power to 
a usable 13.8 kV.   It is anticipated that major power supplies will be designed to 
accommodate a 13.8 kV input voltage.  Various step-down transformers providing  
480 kV to the site will also be necessary.

\section{Cooling Water} 
Cooling water will be required primarily in support of the facility's cryogenic  
system.  There will also be a number of conventionally powered devices used in 
the facility that will directly require cooling water.  Conventional cooling shall be 
provided via a number of evaporation, recirculating type cooling towers, pumps, 
and distribution piping, placed in the general vicinity of the cryogenic support 
buildings.

\section{Site Improvements}
While most of the facility will be built in an undeveloped section of the 
laboratory, there are a number of locations where the facility does impact existing 
utilities.  These utilities will need to be rerouted or removed in order to 
accommodate the new construction.  The existing BLIP facility will also require 
dismantling and demolition, or relocating, in order to accommodate the proposed 
Neutrino Facility superconducting linac.

New parking areas will be required for the facility.  Approximately 300,000 
square feet of asphalt paving will be installed for service roads and parking lots.  
Storm water drainage, geo-membrane material, grading, clearing and grubbing will 
also be required.  Geo-membrane material will be installed over the target area and  transport system, as well as the muon storage ring/detector area.
 
